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1 Triton
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
2 Tritonia
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
3 Tritoniacus
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
4 Tritonida
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
5 Tritonis
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
6 Tritonius
Trītōn, ōnis or ōnŏs, m., = Tritôn.I.Lit., a son of Neptune and the nymph Salacia, a sea-god, who, at the bidding of Neptune, blows through a shell to calm or rouse the sea, Ov. M. 2, 8; 1, 333 sq.; 13, 919; Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; 2, 35, 89; Luc. 9, 348; Hyg. Astr. 2, 23 fin. — Plur.:B.Tritones, sea-gods that serve the other gods,
Verg. A. 5, 824; Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 26.—Transf.1.A humorous designation of a lover of fish-ponds: piscinarum Tritones, qs. fish-pond gods, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—2.A sea-fish of the genus pelamides, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 144.—3.The name of a ship, Verg. A. 10, 209.—II.A river and lake in Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, where, according to Egypto-Grecian fables, Minerva was born, Mel. 1, 7, 4; Luc. 9, 347; Stat. Th. 2, 722; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 36; Sid. Carm. 15, 5.—Hence,1.Trītōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton, Tritonian:2.Pallas,
Verg. A. 5, 704; also,virgo,
id. ib. 11, 483; more freq., absol.: Trītō-nĭa, ae, f., Minerva, Verg. A. 2, 171; Ov. M. 2, 783; 5, 250; 5, 270; 6, 1; id. F. 6, 655 et saep.—Also, Trītōnĭda, ae, Mart. Cap. 9, § 893.—Trītōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., Tritonian: palus, a miry sea near Pallene, in Macedonia, Ov. M. 15, 358: harundo, i. e. the tibia invented by Pallas, id. ib. 6, 384.—3.Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f. adj., of or belonging to Lake Triton; or, transf., to Pallas, Palladian:1.palus,
Lake Triton, Sil. 3, 322:Pallas,
Lucr. 6, 750: arx, the citadel of Pallas, i. e. Athens, Ov. M. 2, 794:urbs,
id. ib. 5, 645:pinus,
i. e. the ship Argo, built at the suggestion of Pallas, id. H. 6, 47.—As subst.: Trītōnis, ĭdis or ĭdos, f.Lake Triton, Sil. 9, 297; Stat. Th. 7, 185.—2.Pallas, Verg. A. 2, 226; Ov. M. 3, 127; 8, 547:Tritonide fertiles Athenae,
i. e. the olive-tree planted by Pallas, Stat. S. 2, 7, 28. -
7 Centaurus
Centaurus, i, m., = Kentauros, a Centaur; the Centaurs were wild people in the mountains of Thessaly, who fought on horseback; acc. to the fable, monsters in Thessaly of a double form (the upper parts human, the lower those of a horse), sons of Ixion and of a cloud in the form of Juno (hence nubigenae, Verg. A. 7, 674), Lucr. 5, 876; 5, 889; Ov. M. 9, 191; 12, 219 sq.; Verg. G. 2, 456; id. A. 7, 675; Hor. C. 4, 2, 15 al.; Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. 1, 13 (21):II.nobilis, i. e. Chiron,
Hor. Epod. 13, 11; cf.bimembris, v. Lapithae.—As figure-head of a ship,
Verg. A. 10, 195.—A constellation in the southern heavens, Hyg. Astr. 2, 38; 3, 37; Cic. Arat. 203 sq.; Manil. 1, 408.—III. -
8 Tigris
1.tī̆gris, is or ĭdis ( gen. tigris, Verg. Cir. 136:I.tigridis,
id. A. 11, 577; Ov. M. 11, 245; Val. Fl. 5, 590; 6, 148; acc. tigrim, Verg. A. 9, 730; Manil. 5, 708; Sen. Ep. 85, 35; Plin. 8, 17, 25, § 65; 8, 18, 25, § 66; Sil. 5, 148; Suet. Aug. 43:tigrin,
Val. Fl. 6, 704; Stat. Th. 6, 722; abl. tigri, Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 73:tigride,
Ov. M. 7, 32; 9, 612; Luc. 5, 405; Sil. 5, 280; Mart. 8, 26, 8; Juv. 15, 163; plur. tigres, Verg. G. 2, 151; id. A. 4, 367; Hor. C. 3, 3, 14; 3, 11, 13; id. A. P. 393; Ov. A. A. 1, 559; id. M. 1, 305; 3, 668; Curt. 9, 8, 2:tigrides,
Sol. 15, 11; 27, 16; acc. tigris, Verg. E. 5, 29; id. G. 4, 510; id. A. 6, 805:tigridas,
Ov. H. 10, 86; gen. tigrium, Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 7; 11, 2, 1, § 4; dat. and abl. tigribus, Hor. A. P. 13; Ov. H. 2, 80; id. Am. 1, 2, 48), = tigris (in Persian, an arrow, Varr. L. L. 5, § 100 Müll.; Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127). Comm. (in prose masc., but fem. Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10; 8, 18, 25, § 66; in the poets always fem.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 616 sq.), a tiger, tigress.Lit.: varius, Varr. l. l.; Mel. 3, 5, 7; Verg. A. 4, 367; 6, 805; id. E. 5, 29; Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 27, 56; id. Epod. 16, 31; id. A. P. 13.—II.Transf.1.A tiger-skin:2.equus, quem discolor ambit Tigris,
Stat. Th. 9, 686; 6, 719; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 17. [p. 1872] —The name of the spotted tiger-hound of Actæon, Ov. M. 3, 217; Hyg. Fab. 181. —3.The Tiger, the name of a ship ornamented with the figure of a tiger:2.Massicus aeratā princeps secat aequora Tigri,
Verg. A. 10, 166.Tī̆gris, ĭdis, m., = Tigris, the river Tigris (qs. arrowy, so called from its rapidity), Varr. L. L. 5, § 100 Müll.; Mel. 1, 11, 2; 3, 8, 32; Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 14, 46; Luc. 3, 256; 3, 261 sq.; 8, 370; Curt. 4, 9, 16; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1324. -
9 tigris
1.tī̆gris, is or ĭdis ( gen. tigris, Verg. Cir. 136:I.tigridis,
id. A. 11, 577; Ov. M. 11, 245; Val. Fl. 5, 590; 6, 148; acc. tigrim, Verg. A. 9, 730; Manil. 5, 708; Sen. Ep. 85, 35; Plin. 8, 17, 25, § 65; 8, 18, 25, § 66; Sil. 5, 148; Suet. Aug. 43:tigrin,
Val. Fl. 6, 704; Stat. Th. 6, 722; abl. tigri, Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 73:tigride,
Ov. M. 7, 32; 9, 612; Luc. 5, 405; Sil. 5, 280; Mart. 8, 26, 8; Juv. 15, 163; plur. tigres, Verg. G. 2, 151; id. A. 4, 367; Hor. C. 3, 3, 14; 3, 11, 13; id. A. P. 393; Ov. A. A. 1, 559; id. M. 1, 305; 3, 668; Curt. 9, 8, 2:tigrides,
Sol. 15, 11; 27, 16; acc. tigris, Verg. E. 5, 29; id. G. 4, 510; id. A. 6, 805:tigridas,
Ov. H. 10, 86; gen. tigrium, Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 7; 11, 2, 1, § 4; dat. and abl. tigribus, Hor. A. P. 13; Ov. H. 2, 80; id. Am. 1, 2, 48), = tigris (in Persian, an arrow, Varr. L. L. 5, § 100 Müll.; Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127). Comm. (in prose masc., but fem. Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 10; 8, 18, 25, § 66; in the poets always fem.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 616 sq.), a tiger, tigress.Lit.: varius, Varr. l. l.; Mel. 3, 5, 7; Verg. A. 4, 367; 6, 805; id. E. 5, 29; Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 27, 56; id. Epod. 16, 31; id. A. P. 13.—II.Transf.1.A tiger-skin:2.equus, quem discolor ambit Tigris,
Stat. Th. 9, 686; 6, 719; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 17. [p. 1872] —The name of the spotted tiger-hound of Actæon, Ov. M. 3, 217; Hyg. Fab. 181. —3.The Tiger, the name of a ship ornamented with the figure of a tiger:2.Massicus aeratā princeps secat aequora Tigri,
Verg. A. 10, 166.Tī̆gris, ĭdis, m., = Tigris, the river Tigris (qs. arrowy, so called from its rapidity), Varr. L. L. 5, § 100 Müll.; Mel. 1, 11, 2; 3, 8, 32; Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 14, 46; Luc. 3, 256; 3, 261 sq.; 8, 370; Curt. 4, 9, 16; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1324. -
10 Pietas
1.pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.I.Lit.A.With respect to the gods, piety:2.est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,
id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,
id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:senex fretus pietate deum,
Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;B.freq.),
Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:II.patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,
dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,
Cic. Part. 22, 78:quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?
id. Planc. 33, 80:justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,
id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,
id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:pietas in matrem,
id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.v. 99: felix nati pietate,
Verg. A. 3, 480:solemnia pietatis,
the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,
Cat. 66, 29:pietas erga aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:in aliquem,
id. ib. 1, 9, 1:hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,
id. ib. 6, 20, 2:nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,
to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:militiae,
Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,
Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).A.Justice:B.at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,
Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:summa deum pietas,
Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:III.permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,
Suet. Dom. 11:senatus,
Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:mea pietas,
my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.2.Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—II.Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—III.Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129. -
11 pietas
1.pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.I.Lit.A.With respect to the gods, piety:2.est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,
id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,
id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:senex fretus pietate deum,
Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;B.freq.),
Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:II.patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,
dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,
Cic. Part. 22, 78:quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?
id. Planc. 33, 80:justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,
id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,
id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:pietas in matrem,
id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.v. 99: felix nati pietate,
Verg. A. 3, 480:solemnia pietatis,
the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,
Cat. 66, 29:pietas erga aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:in aliquem,
id. ib. 1, 9, 1:hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,
id. ib. 6, 20, 2:nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,
to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:militiae,
Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,
Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).A.Justice:B.at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,
Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:summa deum pietas,
Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:III.permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,
Suet. Dom. 11:senatus,
Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:mea pietas,
my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.2.Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—II.Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—III.Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129. -
12 nāvis
nāvis is （acc. vem or vim; abl. vī or ve), f [NA-], a ship: naves longae, ships of war, L.: onerariae, transports, L.: praetoria, the admiral's, L.: constratae, decked, L.: tectae naves et leviores apertae, without a deck, L.: auri an paleae, laden with gold or chaff: navim ascendere, S.: adornare, Cs.: deducere, launch, Cs.: terrae adplicare navīs, L.: subducere in aridum, Cs.: agere, work, H.: mercibus implere, Iu.: solvere, set sail, Cs.: cum ad villam navis appelleretur, landed: navem is fregit, was shipwrecked, T.: qui navem gubernassem: in navibus vehi: navium tutela, the image of a deity as guardian (at the stern), O.: puppis rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones (the image at the prow gave the name to the vessel), V.: dura navis, Dura fugae mala, hardships of the sea, H.— Prov.: navibus atque Quadrigis petimus bene vivere, i. e. with might and main, H.—As the name of a constellation, Navis Argolica, or simply Navis, the ship Argo.—Fig., of a state or community, a ship: una navis est iam bonorum omnium: rei p.: O navis, referent in mare te novi Fluctūs! H.* * *navis longa -- galley, battleship; navis oneraria -- transport/cargo ship
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13 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
14 Aemilia
Aemĭlĭus, a, um, adj. [aemulor], the name of a Roman gens, greatly distinguished for the illustrious men whom it furnished. The most celebrated of them was L. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Perseus, and the father of Corn. Scipio Africanus Minor:1.domus,
Manil. 1, 794:tribus,
Cic. Att. 2, 14; Liv. 38, 36.— Aemĭlĭa Vĭa, the name of three several public roads.One, constructed by M. Aemilius Lepidus, as consul, A. U. C. 567, began at Placentia, and passed [p. 55] through Parma, Regium, Mutina, Bononia, Forum Cornelii, Faventia, Forum Livii, and Caesena to Ariminum, where it joined the Via Flaminia, Liv. 39.—2.One, constructed A. U. C. 645, by M. Aemilius Scaurus, as censor, led from Bononia, through Pisa and Luna, to Dertona, Strab. 1, 5.—3.One extending from Ariminum to Aquileia (some, however, consider this as the same with the first), Mart. 3, 4.—Sometimes absol., Aemĭlĭa, instead of Via Aemilia: in ipsā Aemiliā diu pugnatum est, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30.—From the public way, Martial calls the region between Ariminum and Placentia (commonly Gallia Cispadana) regio Aemilia, Mart. 6, 85.—Aemilius pons, so called after its builder, M. Aemilius Scaurus, Juv. 6, 32 Rupert.— Poet.:Aemilia ratis,
the ship on which the booty acquired by L. Æmilius Paulus, in the war with Perseus, was conveyed to Rome, Prop. 4, 2, 8.—Aemilius ludus, a gladiatorial exhibition introduced by P. Æmilius Lepidus, Hor. A. P. 32. -
15 Aemilia Via
Aemĭlĭus, a, um, adj. [aemulor], the name of a Roman gens, greatly distinguished for the illustrious men whom it furnished. The most celebrated of them was L. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Perseus, and the father of Corn. Scipio Africanus Minor:1.domus,
Manil. 1, 794:tribus,
Cic. Att. 2, 14; Liv. 38, 36.— Aemĭlĭa Vĭa, the name of three several public roads.One, constructed by M. Aemilius Lepidus, as consul, A. U. C. 567, began at Placentia, and passed [p. 55] through Parma, Regium, Mutina, Bononia, Forum Cornelii, Faventia, Forum Livii, and Caesena to Ariminum, where it joined the Via Flaminia, Liv. 39.—2.One, constructed A. U. C. 645, by M. Aemilius Scaurus, as censor, led from Bononia, through Pisa and Luna, to Dertona, Strab. 1, 5.—3.One extending from Ariminum to Aquileia (some, however, consider this as the same with the first), Mart. 3, 4.—Sometimes absol., Aemĭlĭa, instead of Via Aemilia: in ipsā Aemiliā diu pugnatum est, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30.—From the public way, Martial calls the region between Ariminum and Placentia (commonly Gallia Cispadana) regio Aemilia, Mart. 6, 85.—Aemilius pons, so called after its builder, M. Aemilius Scaurus, Juv. 6, 32 Rupert.— Poet.:Aemilia ratis,
the ship on which the booty acquired by L. Æmilius Paulus, in the war with Perseus, was conveyed to Rome, Prop. 4, 2, 8.—Aemilius ludus, a gladiatorial exhibition introduced by P. Æmilius Lepidus, Hor. A. P. 32. -
16 Aemilius
Aemĭlĭus, a, um, adj. [aemulor], the name of a Roman gens, greatly distinguished for the illustrious men whom it furnished. The most celebrated of them was L. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Perseus, and the father of Corn. Scipio Africanus Minor:1.domus,
Manil. 1, 794:tribus,
Cic. Att. 2, 14; Liv. 38, 36.— Aemĭlĭa Vĭa, the name of three several public roads.One, constructed by M. Aemilius Lepidus, as consul, A. U. C. 567, began at Placentia, and passed [p. 55] through Parma, Regium, Mutina, Bononia, Forum Cornelii, Faventia, Forum Livii, and Caesena to Ariminum, where it joined the Via Flaminia, Liv. 39.—2.One, constructed A. U. C. 645, by M. Aemilius Scaurus, as censor, led from Bononia, through Pisa and Luna, to Dertona, Strab. 1, 5.—3.One extending from Ariminum to Aquileia (some, however, consider this as the same with the first), Mart. 3, 4.—Sometimes absol., Aemĭlĭa, instead of Via Aemilia: in ipsā Aemiliā diu pugnatum est, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30.—From the public way, Martial calls the region between Ariminum and Placentia (commonly Gallia Cispadana) regio Aemilia, Mart. 6, 85.—Aemilius pons, so called after its builder, M. Aemilius Scaurus, Juv. 6, 32 Rupert.— Poet.:Aemilia ratis,
the ship on which the booty acquired by L. Æmilius Paulus, in the war with Perseus, was conveyed to Rome, Prop. 4, 2, 8.—Aemilius ludus, a gladiatorial exhibition introduced by P. Æmilius Lepidus, Hor. A. P. 32. -
17 pistris
I.Lit., any sea-monster; a whale, shark, sawfish:II.postrema immani corpore pistrix (of Scylla),
Verg. A. 3, 427:in Indico mari pristes ducenum cubitorum,
Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 4:jamque agmine toto Pistris adest,
Val. Fl. 2, 530:marina pistrix,
Flor. 3, 5, 16.—Transf.A.The constellation of the Whale:B.ad Pistricis terga,
Cic. Arat. 152:Auster Pistrin agit,
German. Arat. 358.—A species of swift-sailing ship, Quadrig. ap. Non. 535, 26; Liv. 35, 26, 1.—2.Name of a ship in the fleet of Æneas, Verg. A. 5, 116. -
18 Forocorneliensis
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
19 Forojulienses
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
20 Forum
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.
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